Concept
thermal fluids systems
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682
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High-Temperature Solar Fluids
2015 - 2021
The period 2015-2021 saw a convergence of experimental diagnostics and numerical modeling to advance high-temperature heat transfer fluids and two-phase heat transfer in compact solar and energy systems. Progress included measurement-driven mapping of local heat transfer and bubble dynamics using liquid-crystal thermography, infrared imaging, and high-speed visualization, alongside CFD/VOF-based simulations of evaporation and condensation in thermosyphons and loop heat pipes; advancements in latent-heat storage via phase-change materials with fins and the exploration of advanced fluids such as liquid metals and zeotropic blends to enhance efficiency. Historical Significance: These developments established the practicality of novel high-temperature HTFs for solar thermal and ORC applications, clarified safety and containment issues for liquid-metal and dense-particle fluids, and provided foundational data and methodologies that shaped subsequent design, testing, and standardization.
• Measurement-driven diagnostics of mini-channel flow boiling combine liquid-crystal and infrared thermography with high-speed visualization to map local heat transfer and bubble dynamics, enabling data-based coefficient estimation and trend analysis [1], [2], [9].
• Numerical and experimental investigations of transient two-phase heat transfer in thermosyphons and loop heat pipes, employing CFD/VOF methods to capture evaporation/condensation and geometry-fluid effects on performance [3], [5], [20].
• Latent heat storage research focusing on melting/solidification in PCM systems, with enhancement via longitudinal fins and other heat-transfer augmentation strategies to improve storage and discharge efficacy [6], [7], [15].
• Advanced working fluids and fluidic strategies for thermal energy systems, including liquid metals, zeotropic blends, and ORC-related fluid optimization, reviewed or demonstrated to boost heat transfer and efficiency [13], [14], [16], [20], [17], [19].